Erstellen eines Blog-Plugins

This tutorial will teach you how to create a simple blog plugin. The basic functions of the blog will be creating posts, saving them and viewing them. The plugin duplicates features that are found in the bundled blog plugin. You can disable the bundled blog plugin if you wish, but it is not necessary since the features do not conflict each other.

Prerequisites:

Create the plugin’s directory and manifest file

First, choose a simple and descriptive name for your plugin. In this tutorial, the name will be my_blog. Then, create a directory for your plugin in the /mod/ directory found in your Elgg installation directory. Other plugins are also located in /mod/. In this case, the name of the directory should be /mod/my_blog/. This directory is the root of your plugin and all the files that you create for the new plugin will go somewhere under it.

Next, in the root of the plugin, create the plugin’s manifest file, manifest.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<plugin_manifest xmlns="http://www.elgg.org/plugin_manifest/1.8">
    <name>My Blog</name>
    <id>my_blog</id>
    <author>Your Name Here</author>
    <version>0.1</version>
    <description>Adds blogging capabilities.</description>
    <requires>
        <type>elgg_release</type>
        <version>2.0</version>
    </requires>
</plugin_manifest>

See Plugins for more information about the manifest file.

Create the form for creating a new blog post

Create a file at /mod/my_blog/views/default/forms/my_blog/save.php that contains the form body. The form should have input fields for the title, body and tags of the my_blog post. It does not need form tag markup.

echo elgg_view_field([
    '#type' => 'text',
    '#label' => elgg_echo('title'),
    'name' => 'title',
    'required' => true,
]);

echo elgg_view_field([
    '#type' => 'longtext',
    '#label' => elgg_echo('body'),
    'name' => 'body',
    'required' => true,
]);

echo elgg_view_field([
    '#type' => 'tags',
    '#label' => elgg_echo('tags'),
    '#help' => elgg_echo('tags:help'),
    'name' => 'tags',
]);

$submit = elgg_view_field(array(
    '#type' => 'submit',
    '#class' => 'elgg-foot',
    'value' => elgg_echo('save'),
));
elgg_set_form_footer($submit);

Notice how the form is calling elgg_view_field() to render inputs. This helper function maintains consistency in field markup, and is used as a shortcut for rendering field elements, such as label, help text, and input. See Forms + Actions.

You can see a complete list of input views in the /vendor/elgg/elgg/views/default/input/ directory.

It is recommended that you make your plugin translatable by using elgg_echo() whenever there is a string of text that will be shown to the user. Read more at Internationalization.

Erstellung einer Seite für das Verfassen der Blogs

Create the file /mod/my_blog/views/default/resources/my_blog/add.php. This page will view the form you created in the above section.

<?php
// make sure only logged in users can see this page
gatekeeper();

// set the title
$title = "Create a new my_blog post";

// start building the main column of the page
$content = elgg_view_title($title);

// add the form to the main column
$content .= elgg_view_form("my_blog/save");

// optionally, add the content for the sidebar
$sidebar = "";

// layout the page
$body = elgg_view_layout('one_sidebar', array(
   'content' => $content,
   'sidebar' => $sidebar
));

// draw the page, including the HTML wrapper and basic page layout
echo elgg_view_page($title, $body);

The function elgg_view_form("my_blog/save") views the form that you created in the previous section. It also automatically wraps the form with a <form> tag and the necessary attributes as well as anti-csrf tokens.

The form’s action will be "<?= elgg_get_site_url() ?>action/my_blog/save".

Create the action file for saving the blog post

The action file will save the my_blog post to the database. Create the file /mod/my_blog/actions/my_blog/save.php:

<?php
// get the form inputs
$title = get_input('title');
$body = get_input('body');
$tags = string_to_tag_array(get_input('tags'));

// create a new my_blog object and put the content in it
$blog = new ElggObject();
$blog->title = $title;
$blog->description = $body;
$blog->tags = $tags;

// the object can and should have a subtype
$blog->subtype = 'my_blog';

// for now, make all my_blog posts public
$blog->access_id = ACCESS_PUBLIC;

// owner is logged in user
$blog->owner_guid = elgg_get_logged_in_user_guid();

// save to database and get id of the new my_blog
$blog_guid = $blog->save();

// if the my_blog was saved, we want to display the new post
// otherwise, we want to register an error and forward back to the form
if ($blog_guid) {
   system_message("Your blog post was saved.");
   forward($blog->getURL());
} else {
   register_error("The blog post could not be saved.");
   forward(REFERER); // REFERER is a global variable that defines the previous page
}

As you can see in the above code, Elgg objects have several fields built into them. The title of the my_blog post is stored in the title field while the body is stored in the description field. There is also a field for tags which are stored as metadata.

Objects in Elgg are a subclass of something called an „entity“. Users, sites, and groups are also subclasses of entity. An entity’s subtype allows granular control for listing and displaying, which is why every entity should have a subtype. In this tutorial, the subtype „my_blog“ identifies a my_blog post, but any alphanumeric string can be a valid subtype. When picking subtypes, be sure to pick ones that make sense for your plugin.

The getURL method fetches the URL of the new post. It is recommended that you override this method. The overriding will be done in the start.php file.

Create elgg-plugin.php

The /mod/my_blog/elgg-plugin.php file is used to declare various functionalities of the plugin. It can, for example, be used to configure entities, actions, widgets and routes.

<?php

return [
        'entities' => [
                [
                        'type' => 'object',
                        'subtype' => 'my_blog',
                        'searchable' => true,
                ],
        ],
        'actions' => [
                'my_blog/save' => [],
        ],
        'routes' => [
                'view:object:blog' => [
                        'path' => '/my_blog/view/{guid}/{title?}',
                        'resource' => 'my_blog/view',
                ],
                'add:object:blog' => [
                        'path' => '/my_blog/add/{guid?}',
                        'resource' => 'my_blog/add',
                ],
                'edit:object:blog' => [
                        'path' => '/my_blog/edit/{guid}/{revision?}',
                        'resource' => 'my_blog/edit',
                        'requirements' => [
                                'revision' => '\d+',
                        ],
                ],
        ],
];

Create start.php

The /mod/my_blog/start.php file needs to register a hook to override the URL generation.

<?php

function my_blog_init() {
    // register a hook handler to override urls
    elgg_register_plugin_hook_handler('entity:url', 'object', 'my_blog_set_url');
}

return function() {
    // register an initializer
    elgg_register_event_handler('init', 'system', 'my_blog_init');
}

Registering the save action will make it available as /action/my_blog/save. By default, all actions are available only to logged in users. If you want to make an action available to only admins or open it up to unauthenticated users, you can pass ‚admin‘ or ‚public‘ as the third parameter of elgg_register_action.

The URL overriding function will extract the ID of the given entity and use it to make a simple URL for the page that is supposed to view the entity. In this case the entity should of course be a my_blog post. Add this function to your start.php file:

function my_blog_set_url($hook, $type, $url, $params) {
    $entity = $params['entity'];
    if (elgg_instanceof($entity, 'object', 'my_blog')) {
        return "my_blog/view/{$entity->guid}";
    }
}

The page handler makes it possible to serve the page that generates the form and the page that views the post. The next section will show how to create the page that views the post. Add this function to your start.php file:

function my_blog_page_handler($segments) {
    if ($segments[0] == 'add') {
        echo elgg_view_resource('my_blog/add');
        return true;
    }

    else if ($segments[0] == 'view') {
        $resource_vars['guid'] = elgg_extract(1, $segments);
        echo elgg_view_resource('my_blog/view', $resource_vars);
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}

The $segments variable contains the different parts of the URL as separated by /.

Page handling functions need to return true or false. true means the page exists and has been handled by the page handler. false means that the page does not exist and the user will be forwarded to the site’s 404 page (requested page does not exist or not found). In this particular example, the URL must contain either /my_blog/add or /my_blog/view/id where id is a valid ID of an entity with the my_blog subtype. More information about page handling is at Page handler.

Create a page for viewing a blog post

To be able to view a my_blog post on its own page, you need to make a view page. Create the file /mod/my_blog/views/default/resources/my_blog/view.php:

<?php

// get the entity
$guid = elgg_extract('guid', $vars);
$my_blog = get_entity($guid);

// get the content of the post
$content = elgg_view_entity($my_blog, array('full_view' => true));

$params = [
    'title' => $my_blog->getDisplayName(),
    'content' => $content,
    'filter' => '',
];

$body = elgg_view_layout('content', $params);

echo elgg_view_page($my_blog->getDisplayName(), $body);

This page has much in common with the add.php page. The biggest differences are that some information is extracted from the my_blog entity, and instead of viewing a form, the function elgg_view_entity is called. This function gives the information of the entity to something called the object view.

Create the object view

When elgg_view_entity is called or when my_blogs are viewed in a list for example, the object view will generate the appropriate content. Create the file /mod/my_blog/views/default/object/my_blog.php:

<?php

echo elgg_view('output/longtext', array('value' => $vars['entity']->description));
echo elgg_view('output/tags', array('tags' => $vars['entity']->tags));

As you can see in the previous section, each my_blog post is passed to the object view as $vars['entity']. ($vars is an array used in the views system to pass variables to a view.)

Der Code in der letzten Zeile erzeugt aus den Tags eines my_blog-Eintrags eine Reihe von anklickbaren Links und stellt diese dar. Die Möglichkeit einer Suche nach anderen Einträgen mit denselben Tags bei einem Klick auf einen solchen Link ist in Elgg selbst bereits standardmäßig implementiert.

(If you’re wondering about the „default“ in /views/default/, you can create alternative views. RSS, OpenDD, FOAF, mobile and others are all valid view types.)

Testen des Plugins

Go to your Elgg site’s administration page, list the plugins and activate the my_blog plugin.

The page to create a new my_blog post should now be accessible at https://elgg.example.com/my_blog/add, and after successfully saving the post, you should see it viewed on its own page.

Displaying a list of blog posts

Nun wollen wir eine Seite hinzufügen, die die verfügbaren my_blog-Einträge auflistet.

Create /mod/my_blog/views/default/resources/my_blog/all.php:

<?php
$titlebar = "All Site My_Blogs";
$pagetitle = "List of all my_blogs";

$body = elgg_list_entities(array(
    'type' => 'object',
    'subtype' => 'my_blog',
));

$body = elgg_view_title($pagetitle) . elgg_view_layout('one_column', array('content' => $body));

echo elgg_view_page($titlebar, $body);

The elgg_list_entities function grabs the latest my_blog posts and passes them to the object view file. Note that this function returns only the posts that the user can see, so access restrictions are handled transparently. The function (and its cousins) also transparently handles pagination and even creates an RSS feed for your my_blogs if you have defined that view.

The list function can also limit the my_blog posts to those of a specified user. For example, the function elgg_get_logged_in_user_guid grabs the Global Unique IDentifier (GUID) of the logged in user, and by giving that to elgg_list_entities, the list only displays the posts of the current user:

echo elgg_list_entities(array(
    'type' => 'object',
    'subtype' => 'my_blog',
    'owner_guid' => elgg_get_logged_in_user_guid()
));

Next, you will need to modify your my_blog page handler to grab the new page when the URL is set to /my_blog/all. Change the my_blog_page_handler function in start.php to look like this:

function my_blog_page_handler($segments) {
    switch ($segments[0]) {
        case 'add':
           echo elgg_view_resource('my_blog/add');
           break;

        case 'view':
            $resource_vars['guid'] = elgg_extract(1, $segments);
            echo elgg_view_resource('my_blog/view', $resource_vars);
            break;

        case 'all':
        default:
           echo elgg_view_resource('my_blog/all');
           break;
    }

    return true;
}

Now, if the URL contains /my_blog/all, the user will see an „All Site My_Blogs“ page. Because of the default case, the list of all my_blogs will also be shown if the URL is something invalid, like /my_blog or /my_blog/xyz.

You might also want to update the object view to handle different kinds of viewing, because otherwise the list of all my_blogs will also show the full content of all my_blogs. Change /mod/my_blog/views/default/object/my_blog.php to look like this:

<?php
$full = elgg_extract('full_view', $vars, FALSE);

// full view
if ($full) {
    echo elgg_view('output/longtext', array('value' => $vars['entity']->description));
    echo elgg_view('output/tags', array('tags' => $vars['entity']->tags));

// list view or short view
} else {
    // make a link out of the post's title
    echo elgg_view_title(
        elgg_view('output/url', array(
            'href' => $vars['entity']->getURL(),
            'text' => $vars['entity']->getDisplayName(),
            'is_trusted' => true,
    )));
    echo elgg_view('output/tags', array('tags' => $vars['entity']->tags));
}

Now, if full_view is true (as it was pre-emptively set to be in this section), the object view will show the post’s content and tags (the title is shown by view.php). Otherwise the object view will render just the title and tags of the post.

Fazit

There’s much more that could be done, but hopefully this gives you a good idea of how to get started.